What power does the House of Representatives hold regarding officials who may commit offenses?

The House of Representatives has the exclusive power of impeachment, which is the process by which the House can bring charges against federal officials, including the President, Vice President, and other civil officers, accused of committing offenses that warrant removal from office. This power is a crucial aspect of the system of checks and balances designed by the Founders, ensuring that no single branch of government has unchecked authority.

Impeachment itself does not result in removal; rather, it is akin to an indictment that requires a majority vote in the House. If the House votes to impeach, the process then moves to the Senate, which conducts a trial to determine whether the official will be removed from office. This process underscores the legislative branch’s role in overseeing the executive branch and ensuring accountability.

The other options refer to separate powers or responsibilities. Initiation of legislation is a function of both chambers but does not specifically involve holding officials accountable. Ratification of treaties is a power reserved for the Senate, and approval of appointments, such as those for federal judges and cabinet members, is also a responsibility that falls to the Senate, not the House. Thus, the power of impeachment distinctly highlights the House's unique role in addressing serious allegations against federal officials.