To whom does the power of initiative and referendum apply?

The power of initiative and referendum applies specifically to incorporated cities, towns, and counties because these entities are recognized as local governments under state law. Initiatives allow citizens to propose legislation or constitutional amendments, while referendums enable voters to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.

Incorporated cities, towns, and counties have the legal structure and governance necessary to implement these democratic tools. They enable citizens within these jurisdictions to take direct action in shaping local policy and governance. They are established entities that operate under state constitutions and laws, providing a framework for citizen involvement in the legislative process.

Unincorporated groups and neighborhood associations typically do not have the authority to initiate or referend policies because they lack formal standing as governmental entities. Statewide organizations may engage in advocacy and promote initiatives, but they do not themselves possess the direct power to implement initiative and referendum processes. Therefore, the correct context for the exercise of initiative and referendum powers is primarily with incorporated municipalities and counties, which have the required legal framework to facilitate these actions.